Lab Manual Exercise 18

Lab Exercise 18 Articulations
Procedural Inquiries P159 #1-5, 9-11

1. What is an articulation?
2. What are the parts of a joint? What is the role of each part?
3. What are the types of joints?
4. What the types of cartilage associated with the joints?
5. What is the role of each type of joint cartilage?
6. What are the major movements of joints?
7. How can we classify joints according to structure?
8. How can we classify joints according to function?

Terminology p 165-66
Define these terms.


Adduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Circumduction
Rotation
Lateral rotation
External rotation
Retraction
Protraction
Supination
Pronation
Elevation
Depression
Inversion
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Opposition


Using the above terms, describe the following motions: You may use a partner for this.

1. shaking your head
2. waving goodbye
3. pitching a baseball
4. shrugging you shoulders
5. tapping your foot

Additional Activities #1-3

1. Investigate the principle behind using braces to reconstruct the gomphoses.
2. Explore different types of joint dislocations.
3. Double-jointed people do not really have two joints ar an articulation point. Instead, double-jointedness is the result of differences in the synovial sac. What types of difference do you suppose these are?

General Questions p 168-69, # 3, 4, 6, 7
For each joint on the list below, give the type of joint and the bones involved. Try completing this exercise using just your knowledge of the bones and the given descriptions of the joint characteristics. If necessary, refer to your textbook.
Type Bones

1. Intervertbral
2. Acromio-clavicular
3. Proximal radio-ulnar
4. Proximal tibio-fibular
5. Sterno-clavicular
6. Symphysis pubis
7. Metatarso-phalangeal
8. Atlanto-axial
9. Sacroiliac
10. Knee(patella/femur)
11. Maxilla-lacrimal
12. Interphalangeal
13. Intraphalangeal
14. Intercuniform
15. Hip
16. Middle ear
17. Tempro-mandibular
18. Coronal suture
19. Radio-carpal
20. Intercarpal
21. Ilio-ischial
22. Scapula-costal
23. Metaphyseal plate
24. Sterno-costal

4. Why won’t you get arthritis of the mandibulo-hyoid joint?

6. Consider each of the following four actions:

1. Sitting there reading and turning the pages of the book. First decide how you are holding the book.
2. Getting a glass from the cupboard and filling it with water.
3. Reaching down to pick up a coin from the floor.
4. Walking with your leg in a cast because you have a broken patella.

• For each of the above four actions, answer the following:

1. Which joints are involved?
2. What actions were accomplished?
3. Describe the mechanic involved?

• What action or movement occurred at each joint?

1. Is there any other way this action could have happened?
2. Are any compensatory movements involved?

7. What is the difference between?

1. Extension and hyperextension
2. Eversion and inversion
3. Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
4. Pronation and supination
5. Abduction and adduction
6. Lateral rotation and medial rotation
7. Protraction and retraction